Cultural Simulations, Authenticity, Focus, and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Healthcare Literature

BackgroundSimulation-based cultural competence training is core pedagogy in nursing education. With reference to the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best PracticeTM, we sought toidentify strategies used support culturally authentic experiences and focus, theoretical framings, outcomes simulations.MethodsWe searched 11 electronic databases included empirical papers from any healthcare discipline reporting type simulation-based outcome measures competence.ResultsWe identified thirty some evidence efficacy simulations. However, a low level quality, inconsistent consideration relevant standards, limited meaningful co-construction, potentially negative representations primary focus on knowledge skill.ConclusionMore robust designs that extend beyond competency paradigm examine relative benefits different simulation modalities their impact actual patient care are required. We recommend researchers own lens, take cognizance threats posed by oversimplifying experience, engage inclusive partnerships explicitly consider best practice standards.